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Johann August Natterer (19 October 1821 - 25 December 1900) was an Austrian physician and chemist. Born in Vienna, he was a nephew to naturalist Johann Natterer (1787-1843). In 1847, he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Vienna, later practicing medicine in Wien-Leopoldstadt.〔(Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon ) (biography)〕 Along with his brother Josef Natterer (1819-1862), he is remembered for pioneer experiments in the field of photography. In 1841, using a (Voigtländer camera ) on daguerreotype plates that were prepared according to a chemical process developed by Franz Kratochwila, they were able to increase the sensitivity five-fold, and reportedly achieved exposure times as low as 5 to 6 seconds in clear weather.〔() A concise history of photography by Helmut Gernsheim〕 In the mid-1840s, using a compressed air chamber pump invented by J. Schembor (1777-1851), he was the first scientist to produce liquid carbonic acid in significant quantities.〔() History of industrial gases By Ebbe Almqvist〕〔(AEIOU Encyclopedia ) (biographical information and photo〕 His name is associated with a sealed and constant volume vessel known as a "Natterer's tube".〔() Contribution to the study of thermodynamic control systems, etc.〕〔(Enciclopedia Treccani ) (biographical information)〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johann August Natterer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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